HEREDITY
Define the following terms:
1. autosome,
2. sex chromosome,
3.
diploid,
4. haploid,
5. monosomy,
6. polyploidy,
7.
aneuploidy,
8. dominant gene,
9. recessive gene,
10.
incomplete dominance,
11. codominance,
12. incomplete penetrance,
13. genome,
14.
heterozygous,
15. homologous,
16. homozygous,
17. hemizygous,
18.
karyotype,
19. punnet square,
20. sex linked trait,
21.
trisomy,
22. genotypes,
23. phenotypes,
24. multiple
alleles,
25. polygenic inheritance,
26. genetic recombination,
27.
crossing over,
28. translocation,
29. deletion,
30. transpositon,
31.
congenital.
32. Define the term genetics.
33. Explain how genes are related to chromosomes.
34. Explain how genes control cell functions.
35. Discuss the importance of DNA to genetic inheritance.
36. Discuss the importance of DNA to the everyday running of the cell.
37. Explain why more men than women are red-green colorblind. Name the type inheritance involved.
38.
Explain the effect of genetic recombination on the production of gametes and on the traits of individuals in future
generations.
39. Discuss the importance independent assortment in genetic recombination.
40. Compare
and contrast the male and female chromosome.
41. Briefly discuss the mechanisms that controls gene function.
42. Discuss how genetic mutations may occur.
43. Explain how genetic mutations can occur.
44.
Differentiate between genetic diseases and developmental diseases.
45. Distinguish between genetic diseases
that occur to an abnormality in a single gene and those that result from the presence or absence of an entire chromosome.
Describe each of the following genetic diseases:
46. cystic fibrosis,
47.
phenylketonuria,
48. Tay-Sacs disease,
49. hemophilia,
50.
Thallesemia,
51. Trisomy 21,
52. Trisomy 18,
53.
Turner's syndrome,
54. Kleinfelter's syndrome,
55.
albinism,
56. sickle cell anemia,
57. achondroplasia,
58.
Huntington's Chorea,
59. Hypercholesterolemia,
60.
Warfan's syhndrome,
61. Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy.
62. Discuss the importance nondisjunction in certain genetic disorders.
63. Briefly discuss the relationship of genetic mutations to cancers.
64. Differentiate between oncogenes
and tumor suppressor genes.
65. Define and describe a pedigree and its importance to a genetic counselor.
66.
Discuss the various new treatments used to treat genetic diseases.
67. Explain the number and type of chromosomes in the chromosomes of a human somatic cell.
68. Define the term teratogens and its importance in birth defects.
69. Define the term mutagen and explain its importance in genetic disorders.
70. Define the term carcinogen and explain its importance in cancer.
71. Define the term genetic susceptiblity or genetic predisposition and explain its importance in cancer.
72. Explain how the chomosomes of a male and female cell differ from one another.
73. Explain what Barr Bodies are and why they are important in a woman's genome.
74. Define the terms homozygous dominant, heterozygous, heterologous, and homozygous recessive.
75. Explain the difference between genotype and phenotype.
76. Discuss the importance of genetic counseling.
77. Explain how sex-linked traits are inherited.
78. Explain how type AB blood type is inherited.
79. Explain how pedigrees, karyotypes, chemical tests, amniocentesis, and chorionic villus sampling are used in
genetic counseling.
