OTHER ENDOCRINE TISSUES AND HORMONES
AUTOCRINE AND PARACRINE SUBSTANCES
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AUTOCRINE AND PARACRINE SUBSTANCES
ADIPOSE TISSUES
DUODENUM
THE STOMACH
THE UTERUS
THE PLACENTA
THE KIDNEYS
THE THYMUS
PINEAL GLAND
THE HEART

THERE ARE A NUMBER OF MOLECULES PRODUCED THROUGHOUT THE TISSUES THAT EXHIBIT HORMONE LIKE
PROPERTIES.
 
AUTOCRINE CHEMICAL SIGNALS ARE PRODUCED BY CELLS IN A LOCALIZED AREA AND EXERT THEIR EFFECT ON THEIR SAME CELL TYPE .
 
PARACRINE CHEMICAL SIGNALS ARE PRODUCED BY CELLS IN A LOCALIZED ARE AND EXERT THIER EFFECT OF OTHER CELLS.

A NUMBER OF AUTOCRINE MOLECULES ARE DERIVED FROM THE FATTY ACID ARACHIDONIC ACID.  THESE INCLUDE THE
 
THE EICANOSOIDS. EXAMPLES OF THESE INCLUDE:
 
PROSTAGLANDINS:  CELLS THROUGHOUT THE BODY SECRETE A VARIETY OF PROSTAGLANDINS.  THESE MODIFIED FATTY ACID SECRETIONS HAVE A VARIETY OF FUNCTIONS.  THESE INCLUDE:  INCREASE UTERINE CONTRACTIONS, OVULATION, BLOOD COAGULATION, MEDIATION OF THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE AND MORE.
 
PROSTACYCLINS:  CELLS THROUGHOUT THE BODY PRODUCE THE PROSTACYCLINS, WHICH HAVE A ROLE IN MEDIATING THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE AND A VARIETY OF OTHER FUNCTIONS.
 
THROMBOXANES :  CELLS THROUGHOUT THE BODY PRODUCE THROMBOXANES, WHICH HAVE A ROLE IN MEDIATING THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE AND A VARIETY OF OTHER FUNCTIONS.
 
LEUKOTRIENES:  CELLS THROUGHOUT THE BODY PRODUCE LEUKOTRIENES, WHICH HAVE A ROLE IN MEDIATING THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE, CONSTRICTION OF THE BRONCHIOLES IN ASTHMA AND A VARIETY OF OTHER FUNCTIONS.
 
A NUMBER OF PARACRINE MOLECULES ARE PEPTIDES OR PROTEINS.  EXAMPLES OF THESE INCLUDE:
 
ENKEPHALINS:  THESE PEPTIDE MOLECULES ARE PRODUCED BY CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND HAVE A NUMBER OF FUNCTIONS, THE MOST OBVIOUS BEING THE REDUCTION OF PAIN SENSATION.
 
ENDORPHINS:  THESE PEPTIDE MOLECULES ARE PRODUCED BY CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND HAVE A NUMBER OF FUNCTIONS, THE MOST OBVIOUS BEING THE REDUCTION OF PAIN SENSATION.
 
INTERLEUKIN-2  THIS PROTEIN MOLECULE IS PRODUCED BY CELLS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM AND STIMULATES THE DIVISION OF T LYMPHOCYTES AND OTHER FUNCTIONS.